"5.13 describe how long-chain alkanes are converted to alkenes and shorter-chain alkanes by catalytic crackling, using silica or alumina as the catalyst and a temperature in the range of 600-700C"

3. A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a chemical reaction. At the end of the reaction, the catalyst is chemically unchanged. 

4. A catalyst is used so we can get more product in a certain time using a suitable catalyst.

5. To speed up reactions and break the bonds

"5.11 recall that in car engines, the temperature reached is high enough to allow nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, forming nitrogen oxides"

Blog Tasks:


a. Write the general equation for the combustion of a fuel
Oxygen+Fuel --> Oxides+water+energy
b. During combustion the nitrogen in air can react to form what gases?
Nitrogen reacts with oxygen forming Nox gases (nitrogen monoxide) (nitrogen dioxide) NO, NO2
c. What condition is necessary for the formation of these gases?
Very High temperatures
d. In what common object is this condition found?
Cars
e. Why is this condition needed for nitrogen to react?
To break the strong triple covalent bonds because nitrogen is a diatomic molecule (Inert) and the triple bond is strong therefore requires high energy (temperature)
f. What are the dangers of the products from this reaction?'
Asthma, Lung diseases, Death, Life expectancy decreases by 9 years

"5.12 recall that fractional distillation of crude oil produces more long-chain hydrocarbons than can be used directly and fewer short-chain hydrocarbons than required"

a)When crude oil undergoes fractional distillation there are too many long chain hydrocarbons (e.g. bitumen) produced and not enough short chain hydrocarbon (e.g. refinery gases)
b) To solve these problems the long chain hydrocarbons undergo a chemical reaction called crackling.

"5.7 describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions

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"5.10 I can recall the problems associated with incomplete combustion"

2. What are the properties of carbon monoxide
colorless, odorless gas, toxic to human body, tasteless
3. Explain how carbon monoxide is formed
When combustion takes place and there is not enough oxygen to create carbon dioxide. Fuel+Oxygen --> Carbon Monoxide+water+energy  (incomplete combustion)
4. Explain why carbon monoxide is poisonous
Binds to the iron in haemoglobin - (in the red blood cells)

"5.9 I can describe the trend in boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions"

a. What is the trend in boiling point of the fractions?
As you go down, you get longer chain molecules and the boiling point increases
b. Define viscosity (source your definition)
The resistance to flow as applied to a solution or a molten solid.matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/polymers/glos.html
c. What is the trend in viscosity of the fractions?
As you go down , the viscosity increases
d. What is the trend in colour of the fractions?
As you go down the fractionating column, the color of the fractions gets darker
e. Why is crude oil separated into fractions?
Needs to separated into fractions to make it useful
f. What process is used to separate crude oil into fractions?
Fractional Distillation
g. What physical property allows this process to work?
Different Boiling Points

5.8 I can recall the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil"

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